publications | Seung-Goo Kim

2025

preprint
Reverse Double-Dipping: When Data Dips You, Twice—Stimulus-Driven Information Leakage in Naturalistic Neuroimaging

Seung-Goo Kim

bioRxiv, 2025

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This article elucidates a methodological pitfall of cross-validation for evaluating predictive models applied to naturalistic neuroimaging data–namely, ’reverse double-dipping’ (RDD). In a broader context, this problem is also known as ’leakage in training examples’, which poses challenges in detecting it in practice. This issue can occur when predictive modeling is employed with data from a conventional neuroscientific design, characterized by a limited set of stimuli repeated across trials and/or participants, resulting in spurious predictive performances due to overfitting to repeated signals, even in the presence of independent noise. Through comprehensive simulations and real-world examples following theoretical formulation, the article underscores how such information leakage can occur and how severely it could compromise the analysis when it is combined with widely spread informal reverse inference. The article concludes with practical recommendations for researchers to avoid RDD in their experiment design and analysis.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.
@article{kim2025rdd, author = {Kim, Seung-Goo}, doi = {10.1101/2025.04.01.646146}, elocation-id = {2025.04.01.646146}, eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2025/04/05/2025.04.01.646146.full.pdf}, journal = {bioRxiv}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, title = {Reverse Double-Dipping: When Data Dips You, Twice{\textemdash}Stimulus-Driven Information Leakage in Naturalistic Neuroimaging}, year = {2025}, bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2025/04/05/2025.04.01.646146}, bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.01.646146}, }

2024

NeuroMusic

Representational Gradients of Musical Information and Evoked Emotions Revealed by CNN

Seung-Goo Kim, Tobias Overath, and Daniela Sammler

Proceedings – The Neurosciences and Music – VIII, 2024

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@article{kim2024nm,
  author = {Kim, Seung-Goo and Overath, Tobias and Sammler, Daniela},
  journal = {Proceedings -- The Neurosciences and Music -- VIII},
  date = {2024-06-13},
  title = {Representational Gradients of Musical Information and Evoked Emotions Revealed by CNN},
  year = {2024},
}

CerCor

Linguistic modulation of the neural encoding of phonemes

Seung-Goo Kim, Federico De Martino, and Tobias Overath

Cerebral Cortex, 2024

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@article{kim2024cc,
  journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
  author = {Kim, Seung-Goo and Martino, Federico De and Overath, Tobias},
  date-modified = {2024-04-25 14:43:05 +0200},
  doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhae155},
  title = {Linguistic modulation of the neural encoding of phonemes},
  year = {2024},
}

2023

Exploring affective experiences evoked by music: Study plan for a neurophysiological deep dataset "ManyMusic🎶"

Seung-Goo Kim, Pablo Alonso-Jiménez, Dmitry Dogdanov, and 2 more authors

Proceedings – CuttingGardens-Frankfurt: a distributed event of CuttingEEG, 2023

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@article{kim2023cg,
  author = {Kim, Seung-Goo and Alonso-Jiménez, Pablo and Dogdanov, Dmitry and Serra, Xavier and Sammler, Daniela},
  journal = {Proceedings -- CuttingGardens-Frankfurt: a distributed event of CuttingEEG},
  date = {2023-10-17},
  date-modified = {2024-04-25 18:48:05 +0200},
  organization = {cuttingEEG},
  title = {Exploring affective experiences evoked by music: Study plan for a neurophysiological deep dataset "ManyMusic🎶"},
  year = {2023},
}

ICMPC

Emotion-relevant Representations of Music Extracted by Convolutional Neural Networks Are Encoded in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Seung-Goo Kim, Tobias Overath, and Daniela Sammler

Proceedings – The Joint Conference of the 17th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC) and the 7th Conference of the Asia-Pacific Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (APSCOM), 2023

Bib PDF Slides

@article{kim2023icmpc,
  author = {Kim, Seung-Goo and Overath, Tobias and Sammler, Daniela},
  journal = {Proceedings -- The Joint Conference of the 17th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC) and the 7th Conference of the Asia-Pacific Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (APSCOM)},
  date = {2023-08-01},
  date-modified = {2024-04-25 18:48:05 +0200},
  organization = {International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC)},
  title = {Emotion-relevant Representations of Music Extracted by Convolutional Neural Networks Are Encoded in Medial Prefrontal Cortex},
  year = {2023},
}

2022

MEG correlates of temporal regularity relevant to pitch perception in human auditory cortex

Seung-Goo Kim^*, Tobias Overath^*, William Sedley, and 5 more authors

NeuroImage, Apr 2022

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@article{kim2022ni,
  author = {Kim, Seung-Goo and Overath, Tobias and Sedley, William and Kumar, Sukhbinder and Teki, Sundeep and Kikuchi, Yukiko and Patterson, Roy and Griffiths, Timothy D.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118879},
  journal = {{NeuroImage}},
  month = apr,
  pages = {118879},
  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
  title = {{MEG} correlates of temporal regularity relevant to pitch perception in human auditory cortex},
  volume = {249},
  year = {2022},
}

FNsci
On the encoding of natural music in computational models and human brains

Seung-Goo Kim

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Apr 2022

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This article discusses recent developments and advances in the neuroscience of music to understand the nature of musical emotion. In particular, it highlights how system identification techniques and computational models of music have advanced our understanding of how the human brain processes the textures and structures of music and how the processed information evokes emotions. Musical models relate physical properties of stimuli to internal representations called features, and predictive models relate features to neural or behavioral responses and test their predictions against independent unseen data. The new frameworks do not require orthogonalized stimuli in controlled experiments to establish reproducible knowledge, which has opened up a new wave of naturalistic neuroscience. The current review focuses on how this trend has transformed the domain of the neuroscience of music.
@article{kim2022fn, author = {Kim, Seung-Goo}, doi = {10.3389/fnins.2022.928841}, issn = {1662-453X}, journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience}, title = {On the encoding of natural music in computational models and human brains}, volume = {16}, year = {2022}, bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.928841}, bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.928841} }

2021

Avoiding monetary loss: A human habenula functional MRI ultra-high field study

Kathrin Weidacker^*, Seung-Goo Kim^*, Camilla L. Nord, and 3 more authors

Cortex, Sep 2021

DOI
FNsci

An Analytical Framework of Tonal and Rhythmic Hierarchy in Natural Music Using the Multivariate Temporal Response Function

J. Leahy^*, Seung-Goo Kim^*, J. Wan, and 1 more author

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Sep 2021

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Anterior limb of the internal capsule tractography: relationship with capsulotomy outcomes in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Chencheng Zhang^*, Seung-Goo Kim^*, Jun Li, and 9 more authors

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, Sep 2021

Abs DOI

Objectives Surgical procedures targeting the anterior limb of the internal capsule (aLIC) can be effective in patients with selected treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aLIC consists of white-matter tracts connecting cortical and subcortical structures and show a topographical organisation. Here we assess how aLIC streamlines are affected in OCD compared with healthy controls (HCs) and which streamlines are related with post-capsulotomy improvement.Methods Diffusion-weighted MRI was used to compare white-matter microstructure via the aLIC between patients with OCD (n=100, 40 women, mean of age 31.8 years) and HCs (n=88, 39 women, mean of age 29.6 years). For each individual, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and streamline counts were calculated for each white-matter fibre bundle connecting a functionally defined prefrontal and subcortical region. Correlations between tractography measures and pre-capsulotomy and post-capsulotomy clinical outcomes (in obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and depression scores 6 months after surgery) were assessed in 41 patients with OCD.Results Hierarchical clustering dendrograms show an aLIC organisation clustering lateral and dissociating ventral and dorsal prefrontal–thalamic streamlines, findings highly relevant to surgical targeting. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD had lower aLIC FA across multiple prefrontal cortical–subcortical regions (p<0.0073, false discovery rate-adjusted). Greater streamline counts of the dorsolateral prefrontal–thalamic tracts in patients with OCD predicted greater post-capsulotomy obsessive-compulsive improvement (p=0.016). In contrast, greater counts of the dorsal cingulate–thalamic streamlines predicted surgical outcomes mediated by depressive and anxiety improvements.Conclusions These findings shed light on the critical role of the aLIC in OCD and may potentially contribute towards precision targeting to optimise outcomes in OCD.Data are available upon reasonable request. The MRI datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy regulations of patient data, but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

2020

The prediction of resilience to alcohol consumption in youths: insular and subcallosal cingulate myeloarchitecture

Kathrin Weidacker^*, Seung-Goo Kim^*, Mette Buhl-Callesen, and 4 more authors

Psychological Medicine, Nov 2020

DOI
EJNsci

Modulation change detection in human auditory cortex: Evidence for asymmetric, non‐linear edge detection

Seung-Goo Kim, David Poeppel, and Tobias Overath

European Journal of Neuroscience, Mar 2020

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2019

SciRep

Brain networks underlying aesthetic appreciation as modulated by interaction of the spectral and temporal organisations of music

Seung-Goo Kim, Karsten Mueller, Jöran Lepsien, and 2 more authors

Scientific Reports, Dec 2019

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Habenula deep brain stimulation for refractory bipolar disorder

Chencheng Zhang, Seung-Goo Kim, Dianyou Li, and 7 more authors

Brain Stimulation, Sep 2019

DOI
The myeloarchitecture of impulsivity: premature responding in youth is associated with decreased myelination of ventral putamen

Camilla L. Nord^*, Seung-Goo Kim^*, Mette Buhl Callesen, and 5 more authors

Neuropsychopharmacology, Feb 2019

DOI
The ease and sureness of a decision: evidence accumulation of conflict and uncertainty

Alekhya Mandali, Kathrin Weidacker, Seung-Goo Kim, and 1 more author

Brain, Feb 2019

Abs DOI

The likelihood of an outcome (uncertainty or sureness) and the similarity between choices (conflict or ease of a decision) are often critical to decision-making. We often ask ourselves: how likely are we to win or lose? And how different is this option’s likelihood from the other? Uncertainty is a characteristic of the stimulus and conflict between stimuli, but these dissociable processes are often confounded. Here, applying a novel hierarchical drift diffusion approach, we study their interaction using a sequential learning task in healthy volunteers and pathological groups characterized by compulsive behaviours, by posing it as an evidence accumulation problem. The variables, Conflict (difficult or easy; difference between reward probabilities of the stimuli) and Uncertainty (low, medium or high; inverse U-shaped probability-uncertainty function) were then used to extract threshold (‘a’, amount of evidence accumulated before making a decision) and drift rate (‘v’, information processing speed) parameters. Critically, when a decision was both difficult (high conflict) and uncertain, relative to other conditions, healthy volunteers unexpectedly accumulated less evidence with lower decision thresholds and accuracy rates at chance levels. In contrast, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had slower processing speeds during these difficult uncertain decisions; yet, despite this more cautious approach, performed suboptimally with poorer accuracy relative to healthy volunteers below that of chance level. Thus, faced with a difficult uncertain decision, healthy controls are capable of rapid possibly random decisions, displaying almost a willingness to ‘walk away’, whereas those with obsessive compulsive disorder become more deliberative and cautious but despite appearing to learn the differential contingencies, still perform poorly. These observations might underlie disordered behaviours characterized by pathological uncertainty or doubt despite compulsive checking with impaired performance. In contrast, alcohol-dependent subjects show a different pattern relative to healthy controls with difficulties in adjusting their behavioural patterns with slower drift rates or processing speed despite decisions being easy or low conflict. We emphasize the multidimensional nature of compulsive behaviours and the utility of computational models in detecting subtle underlying processes relative to behavioural measures. These observations have implications for targeted behavioural interventions for specific cognitive impairments across psychiatric disorders.

2017

SciRep

Dissonance encoding in human inferior colliculus covaries with individual differences in dislike of dissonant music

Seung-Goo Kim, Jöran Lepsien, Thomas Hans Fritz, and 2 more authors

Scientific Reports, Jul 2017

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Brain structural networks associated with intelligence and visuomotor ability

Y.B. Yoon, W.-G. Shin, T.Y. Lee, and 6 more authors

Scientific Reports, Jul 2017
FNsci

On the perceptual subprocess of absolute pitch

Seung-Goo Kim, and T.R. Knösche

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Jul 2017

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HBM

Resting state functional connectivity of the ventral auditory pathway in musicians with absolute pitch

Seung-Goo Kim, and T.R. Knösche

Human Brain Mapping, Jul 2017

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2016

HBM

Intracortical myelination in musicians with absolute pitch: Quantitative morphometry using 7-T MRI

Seung-Goo Kim, and T.R. Knösche

Human Brain Mapping, Jul 2016

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@article{kim2016hbm,
  author = {Kim, Seung-Goo and Kn{\"o}sche, T.R.},
  bibtex_show = true,
  date-modified = {2024-04-25 14:47:24 +0200},
  journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
  number = {10},
  pages = {3486-3501},
  title = {Intracortical myelination in musicians with absolute pitch: Quantitative morphometry using 7-T MRI},
  volume = {37},
  year = {2016},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23254},
}

Neural networks for harmonic structure in music perception and action

R. Bianco, G. Novembre, P.E. Keller, and 5 more authors

NeuroImage, Jul 2016

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The ability to predict upcoming structured events based on long-term knowledge and contextual priors is a fundamental principle of human cognition. Tonal music triggers predictive processes based on structural properties of harmony, i.e., regularities defining the arrangement of chords into well-formed musical sequences. While the neural architecture of structure-based predictions during music perception is well described, little is known about the neural networks for analogous predictions in musical actions and how they relate to auditory perception. To fill this gap, expert pianists were presented with harmonically congruent or incongruent chord progressions, either as musical actions (photos of a hand playing chords) that they were required to watch and imitate without sound, or in an auditory format that they listened to without playing. By combining task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with functional connectivity at rest, we identified distinct sub-regions in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) interconnected with parietal and temporal areas for processing action and audio sequences, respectively. We argue that the differential contribution of parietal and temporal areas is tied to motoric and auditory long-term representations of harmonic regularities that dynamically interact with computations in rIFG. Parsing of the structural dependencies in rIFG is co-determined by both stimulus- or task-demands. In line with contemporary models of prefrontal cortex organization and dual stream models of visual-spatial and auditory processing, we show that the processing of musical harmony is a network capacity with dissociated dorsal and ventral motor and auditory circuits, which both provide the infrastructure for predictive mechanisms optimising action and perception performance.

2015

PLOS1

Alterations of gray and white matter networks in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multimodal fusion analysis of structural MRI and DTI using mCCA+jICA

Seung-Goo Kim, W.H. Jung, S.N. Kim, and 2 more authors

PLoS ONE, Jul 2015

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2014

ISBI

Group-wise analysis on myelination profiles of cerebral cortex using the second eigenvector of Laplace-Beltrami operator

Seung-Goo Kim, J. Stelzer, P.-L. Bazin, and 2 more authors

Proceedings – IEEE 11th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2014, Jul 2014

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Improved statistical power with a sparse shape model in detecting an aging effect in the hippocampus and amygdala

M.K. Chung, Seung-Goo Kim, S.M. Schaefer, and 4 more authors

Proceedings of SPIE – Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging, Jul 2014

2013

FHNsci

Disparity between dorsal and ventral networks in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence revealed by graph theoretical analysis based on cortical thickness from MRI

Seung-Goo Kim, W.H. Jung, S.N. Kim, and 2 more authors

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Jul 2013

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2012

ISBI

Agreement between the white matter connectivity based on the tensor-based morphometry and the volumetric white matter parcellations based on diffusion tensor imaging

Seung-Goo Kim, H. Lee, M.K. Chung, and 5 more authors

Proceedings - International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Jul 2012

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Sparse shape representation using the Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions and its application to modeling subcortical structures

Seung-Goo Kim, M.K. Chung, S.M. Schaefer, and 2 more authors

Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis, Jul 2012

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2011

Heat kernel smoothing via Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions and its application to subcortical structure modeling

Seung-Goo Kim, M.K. Chung, S. Seo, and 3 more authors

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Jul 2011

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ISBI

Structural connectivity via the tensor-based morphometry

Seung-Goo Kim, M.K. Chung, J.L. Hanson, and 4 more authors

Proceedings - International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Jul 2011

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PLOS1

The effect of conditional probability of chord progression on brain response: An MEG study

Seung-Goo Kim, J.S. Kim , and C.K. Chung

PLoS ONE, Jul 2011

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